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river estuary; molluscan fauna

We surveyed 70 river estuaries in the Kyushu region in Japan. Watershed areas of investigated rivers ranged from 1 km2 to 60 km2. The rivers were selected based on the variation in environmental conditions, such as the Ariake Sea and Buzen Sea, where the tide range is large and the rivers flowing to the Sea of Japan, where the wave energy is dominant.

Gould (1859), Reeve (1839), Reeve (1854), Lischke (1868), Kira (1961), Pilsbry (1901), Dunker (1861), Reeve (1855), Lischke (1870), Sasaki and Okutani (1994), A. Adams (1853), Tapprone-Canefri (1874), Gmelin (1791), Philippi (1849), Re'cluz (1853), Dunker (1860), Martens (1879), Benson (1836), Linnaeus(1758), Lischke (1871), Kiener (1841), Lischke (1869), Crosse (1862), K. Martin (1899), Philippi (1848), A. Adams (1863), A. Adams (1855), Philippi (1844), Philippi (1846), Souleyet in Eydoux and Souleyet (1852), Küster (1860), Powys (1835), Dunker (1847), Reeve (1847), Kuroda (1957), Pfeiffer (1864), Reeve (1844), Oyama (1950), Gould (1861), Gould (1850), Lamarck (1819), Adams & Reeve (1850), Deshayes (1855), Habe (1961), Benson (1842), Jay (1857), Reeve (1843), Prime (1864), Gray (1828), Roeding, 1798, Donovan (1834), Pilsbry (1894), Reeve (1863), Rafinesque (1815), Tapparone-Canefri (1874), Dunker (1882), Lischke (1873), Carpenter (1857) were used as a taxonomic reference for this work. The orders are Veneroida (19 species), Docoglossa (14), Sorbeoconcha (12), Vetigastropoda (6), Neritimorpha (5), Discopod (5), Mytiloida (5), Chitonida (3), Neogastropoda (2), Pulmonata (2), Basommatophora (2), Anomalodesmata (2), Arcoida (1), Architaenioglossa (1), Systelommatophora (1), and Pterioida (1). The families are Patellidae (12), Neritidae (8), Patamidid (5), Mytilidae (5), Littorinidae (4), Trochidae (4), Tellinidae (3), Psammobiidae (3), Phenacolepadidae (2), Mactridae (2), Petricolidae (2), Nacellidae (2), Batillariidae (2), Muricidae (2), Turbinidae (2), Nassariidae (2), Ellobiidae (2), Siphonariidae (2), Laternulidae (2), Mesodesmatidae (1), Trapezidae (1), Cyrenidae (1), Glauconomidae (1), Solenidae (1), Cerithiidae (1), Assimineidae (1), Buccinidae (1), Vermetidae (1), Ischnochitonidae (1), Acanthochitonidae (1), Chitonidae (1), Arcidae (1), Ampullariidae (1), Onchidiidae (1), and Isognomonidae (1).

Habitats in half tide and spring tide belonging to one reach section (approximately 10 times the width of the river) were selected as investigation sites. At each habitat, we identified the species after collecting shellfish (Bivalvia, Gastropoda, and Polyplacophora) from the surface layer and 10-cm deep in the ground with 50-cm square quadrats.

Method step description:

1. 1. Habitats conducted sampling shellfish were identified in one reach (approximately 10 times the width of the river) from the river mouth. 2. Locating the 50-cm square quadrats. 3. collecting shellfish (Bivalvia, Gastropoda, and Polyplacophora) from the surface layer and 10-cm deep in the ground. 4. Specimens were shipped back to the lab for correct species identification.