https://ipt.pensoft.net/resource?r=cloudbridge_bird_records_costa_rica A dataset of bird inventory records at Cloudbridge Nature Reserve, Talamanca Mountains, Costa Rica, between March 2016 and May 2020. Jennifer Powell University of Toronto Scarborough PhD Student
Toronto Ontario CA
jennifer.powell@mail.utoronto.ca 0000-0002-0848-3364
Jennifer Powell University of Toronto Scarborough PhD Student
Toronto Ontario CA
jennifer.powell@mail.utoronto.ca 0000-0002-0848-3364
Jennifer Powell University of Toronto Scarborough PhD Student
Toronto Ontario CA
jennifer.powell@mail.utoronto.ca 0000-0002-0848-3364 principalInvestigator
Río Dante Cloudbridge Nature Reserve Scientific Coordinator
2 km este de escuela San Gerardo de Rivas Peréz Zeledón 11904 CR
research@cloudbridge.org custodianSteward
2022-01-27 eng A compilation of bird inventory occurrence data collected at Cloudbridge Nature Reserve on the Pacific slope of the Talamanca Mountains in Costa Rica. The reserve is largely former pasture and farm land composed of tropical montane cloud forest of several ages of secondary forest with some primary forest patches. Data only includes records of species that were confirmed with photographic proof of presence in the reserve. Includes data from several different types of surveys or records including: point count, walking, call-playback (nocturnal owl surveys), camera trap, and incidental photographs. Occurrence GBIF Dataset Type Vocabulary: http://rs.gbif.org/vocabulary/gbif/dataset_type_2015-07-10.xml Observation GBIF Dataset Subtype Vocabulary: http://rs.gbif.org/vocabulary/gbif/dataset_subtype.xml avian point count walking survey camera trap call-playback cloud forest n/a This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC-BY-NC) 4.0 License. Data was collected from Cloudbridge Nature Reserve and adjacent habitats. Cloudbridge is located on the Pacific slope of Cerro Chirripó near the entrance to Cerro Chirripó National Park. The Río Chirripó Pacífico runs east-west through the reserve and joins with the the Río Uran, which runs north-south, in the center of the reserve. Cloudbridge is bounded on the north and south by private forested land, on the east by Cerro Chirripó National Park and a disused cattle pasture, and on the west by active cattle pasture. Altitudes of data collection ranged between 1550 m and 2200 m a.s.l. -83.579 -83.565 9.483 9.464 2007-02-23 2021-04-25 All birds were identified to species based on the most current taxonomic designations at the time of publication. Only species for which a voucher photo was collected from within the reserve are included in the dataset. species Accipiter bicolor Bicolored Hawk species Amaurospiza concolor Blue Seedeater species Amazilia edward Snowy-bellied Hummingbird species Amazilia tzacatl Rufous-tailed Hummingbird species Anabacerthia variegaticeps Scaly-throated Foliage-gleaner species Antrostomus saturatus Dusky Nightjar species Aramides cajaneus Gray-cowled Wood-Rail species Arremon brunneinucha Chestnut-capped Brushfinch species Arremon crassirostris Sooty-faced Finch species Atlapetes albinucha White-naped Brushfinch species Atlapetes tibialis Yellow-thighed Brushfinch species Aulacorhynchus prasinus Northern Emerald-Toucanet species Basileuterus culicivorus Golden-crowned Warbler species Basileuterus melanogenys Black-cheeked Warbler species Basileuterus melanotis Costa Rican Warbler species Bolborhynchus lineola Barred Parakeet species Bubulcus ibis Cattle Egret species Buteo brachyurus Short-tailed Hawk species Buteo jamaicensis Red-tailed Hawk species Buteo platypterus Broad-winged Hawk species Buteogallus urubitinga Great Black Hawk species Campylopterus hemileucurus Violet Sabrewing species Campylorhamphus pusillus Brown-billed Scythebill species Cantorchilus elutus Isthmian Wren species Caracara cheriway Crested Caracara species Cardellina canadensis Canada Warbler species Cardellina pusilla Wilson's Warbler species Cathartes aura Turkey Vulture species Catharus aurantiirostris Orange-billed Nightingale-Thrush species Catharus frantzii Ruddy-capped Nightingale-Thrush species Catharus fuscater Slaty-backed Nightingale-Thrush species Catharus gracilirostris Black-billed Nightingale-Thrush species Catharus ustulatus Swainson's Thrush species Chaetura vauxi Vaux's Swift species Chamaepetes unicolor Black Guan species Chlorophonia callophrys Golden-browed Chlorophonia species Chlorospingus flavopectus Common Chlorospingus species Chlorospingus pileatus Sooty-capped Chlorospingus species Chlorostilbon assimilis Garden Emerald species Ciccaba virgata Mottled Owl species Cinclus mexicanus American Dipper species Coereba flaveola Bananaquit species Colaptes rubiginosus Golden-olive Woodpecker species Colibri cyanotus Lesser Violetear species Colibri delphinae Brown Violetear species Columbina talpacoti Ruddy Ground Dove species Contopus cooperi Olive-sided Flycatcher species Contopus lugubris Dark Pewee species Contopus sordidulus Western Wood-Pewee species Coragyps atratus Black Vulture species Cranioleuca erythrops Red-faced Spinetail species Cyanerpes cyaneus Red-legged Honeycreeper species Cyanolyca argentigula Silvery-throated Jay species Cyclarhis gujanensis Rufous-browed Peppershrike species Dacnis venusta Scarlet-thighed Dacnis species Diglossa plumbea Slaty Flowerpiercer species Dives dives Melodious Blackbird species Doryfera ludovicae Green-fronted Lancebill species Dryobates fumigatus Smoky-brown Woodpecker species Dryobates villosus Hairy Woodpecker species Elaenia flavogaster Yellow-bellied Elaenia species Elaenia frantzii Mountain Elaenia species Elanoides forficatus Swallow-tailed Kite species Elvira chionura White-tailed Emerald species Empidonax atriceps Black-capped Flycatcher species Empidonax flavescens Yellowish Flycatcher species Empidonax flaviventris Yellow-bellied Flycatcher species Eubucco bourcierii Red-headed Barbet species Eugenes spectabilis Talamanca Hummingbird species Eupherusa eximia Stripe-tailed Hummingbird species Euphonia elegantissima Elegant Euphonia species Euphonia hirundinacea Yellow-throated Euphonia species Euphonia imitans Spot-crowned Euphonia species Falco rufigularis Bat Falcon species Fregata magnificens Magnificent Frigatebird species Geotrygon montana Ruddy Quail-Dove species Glyphorynchus spirurus Wedge-billed Woodcreeper species Grallaria guatimalensis Scaled Antpitta species Harpagus bidentatus Double-toothed Kite species Heliodoxa jacula Green-crowned Brilliant species Heliomaster longirostris Long-billed Starthroat species Heliothryx barroti Purple-crowned Fairy species Henicorhina leucophrys Gray-breasted Wood-Wren species Icterus galbula Baltimore Oriole species Ixothraupis guttata Speckled Tanager species Klais guimeti Violet-headed Hummingbird species Lampornis castaneoventris White-throated Mountain-gem species Legatus leucophaius Piratic Flycatcher species Leiothlypis peregrina Tennessee Warbler species Lepidocolaptes affinis Spot-crowned Woodcreeper species Leptopogon superciliaris Slaty-capped Flycatcher species Leptotila verreauxi White-tipped Dove species Lophotriccus pileatus Scale-crested Pygmy-Tyrant species Margarornis rubiginosus Ruddy Treerunner species Megarynchus pitangua Boat-billed Flycatcher species Megascops clarkii Bare-shanked Screech-Owl species Melanerpes formicivorus Acorn Woodpecker species Melanerpes rubricapillus Red-crowned Woodpecker species Micrastur ruficollis Barred Forest-Falcon species Microcerculus marginatus Scaly-breasted Wren species Milvago chimachima Yellow-headed Caracara species Mionectes olivaceus Olive-striped Flycatcher species Mitrephanes phaeocercus Tufted Flycatcher species Mniotilta varia Black-and-white Warbler species Molothrus aeneus Bronzed Cowbird species Momotus lessonii Lesson's Motmot species Morphnarchus princeps Barred Hawk species Myadestes melanops Black-faced Solitaire species Myiarchus tuberculifer Dusky-capped Flycatcher species Myioborus miniatus Slate-throated Redstart species Myioborus torquatus Collared Redstart species Myiodynastes hemichrysus Golden-bellied Flycatcher species Myiothlypis fulvicauda Buff-rumped Warbler species Myiozetetes granadensis Gray-capped Flycatcher species Myiozetetes similis Social Flycatcher species Myrmotherula schisticolor Slaty Antwren species Nothocercus bonapartei Highland Tinamou species Nyctidromus albicollis Common Pauraque species Odontophorus guttatus Spotted Wood-Quail species Odontophorus leucolaemus Black-breasted Wood-Quail species Oreothlypis gutturalis Flame-throated Warbler species Ortalis cinereiceps Gray-headed Chachalaca species Pachyramphus albogriseus Black-and-white Becard species Pachyramphus versicolor Barred Becard species Pachysylvia decurtata Lesser Greenlet species Parkesia motacilla Louisiana Waterthrush species Patagioenas fasciata Band-tailed Pigeon species Patagioenas subvinacea Ruddy Pigeon species Phaethornis guy Green Hermit species Pharomachrus mocinno Resplendent Quetzal species Pheucticus ludovicianus Rose-breasted Grosbeak species Pheucticus tibialis Black-thighed Grosbeak species Pheugopedius rutilus Rufous-breasted Wren species Philodice bryantae Magenta-throated Woodstar species Philydor rufum Buff-fronted Foliage-gleaner species Phyllomyias burmeisteri Rough-legged Tyrannulet species Piaya cayana Squirrel Cuckoo species Picumnus olivaceus Olivaceous Piculet species Pionus senilis White-crowned Parrot species Piranga bidentata Flame-colored Tanager species Piranga leucoptera White-winged Tanager species Piranga rubra Summer Tanager species Pitangus sulphuratus Great Kiskadee species Platyrinchus mystaceus White-throated Spadebill species Premnoplex brunnescens Spotted Barbtail species Psarocolius wagleri Chestnut-headed Oropendola species Pseudocolaptes lawrencii Buffy Tuftedcheek species Psilorhinus morio Brown Jay species Ptiliogonys caudatus Long-tailed Silky-flycatcher species Pygochelidon cyanoleuca Blue-and-white Swallow species Pyrilia haematotis Brown-hooded Parrot species Pyrrhura hoffmanni Sulphur-winged Parakeet subspecies Ramphocelus passerinii costaricensis Scarlet-rumped Tanager (Cherrie's) species Rhynchocyclus brevirostris Roadside Hawk species Rupornis magnirostris Roadside Hawk species Saltator maximus Buff-throated Saltator species Sayornis nigricans Black Phoebe species Sclerurus mexicanus Tawny-throated Leaftosser species Scytalopus argentifrons Silvery-fronted Tapaculo species Seiurus aurocapilla Ovenbird species Selasphorus flammula Volcano Hummingbird species Selasphorus scintilla Scintillant Hummingbird species Serpophaga cinerea Torrent Tyrannulet species Setophaga fusca Blackburnian Warbler species Setophaga pitiayumi Tropical Parula species Setophaga virens Black-throated Green Warbler species Sittasomus griseicapillus Olivaceous Woodcreeper species Sphyrapicus varius Yellow-bellied Sapsucker species Spinus psaltria Lesser Goldfinch species Spinus xanthogastrus Yellow-bellied Siskin species Spizaetus ornatus Ornate Hawk-Eagle species Sporophila corvina Variable Seedeater species Stelgidopteryx ruficollis Southern Rough-winged Swallow species Stelgidopteryx serripennis Northern Rough-winged Swallow species Stilpnia larvata Golden-hooded Tanager species Streptoprocne rutila Chestnut-collared Swift species Streptoprocne zonaris White-collared Swift species Syndactyla subalaris Lineated Foliage-gleaner species Tangara dowii Spangle-cheeked Tanager species Tangara gyrola Bay-headed Tanager species Tangara icterocephala Silver-throated Tanager species Thraupis episcopus Blue-gray Tanager species Thraupis palmarum Palm Tanager species Thripadectes rufobrunneus Streak-breasted Treehunter species Tiaris olivaceus Yellow-faced Grassquit species Tigrisoma fasciatum Fasciated Tiger-Heron species Tityra semifasciata Masked Tityra species Tolmomyias sulphurescens Yellow-olive Flycatcher species Troglodytes aedon House Wren species Troglodytes ochraceus Ochraceous Wren species Trogon collaris Collared Trogon species Turdus grayi Clay-colored Thrush species Turdus plebejus Mountain Thrush species Tyrannus melancholicus Tropical Kingbird species Vermivora chrysoptera Golden-winged Warbler species Vireo carmioli Yellow-winged Vireo species Vireo flavifrons Yellow-throated Vireo species Vireo leucophrys Brown-capped Vireo species Vireo philadelphicus Philadelphia Vireo species Xenops rutilans Streaked Xenops species Zentrygon chiriquensis Chiriqui Quail-Dove species Zentrygon costaricensis Buff-fronted Quail-Dove species Zimmerius parvus Mistletoe Tyrannulet species Zonotrichia capensis Rufous-collared Sparrow This data set was developed with the intent to: 1) catalog species presence and provide monitoring data for Cloudbridge Nature Reserve, and 2) provide species presence data for an understudied region of Costa Rica to the wider scientific community. Data collection for the project is on hold so the data set is currently not being updated. notPlanned Jennifer Powell University of Toronto Scarborough PhD Student
Toronto Ontario CA
jennifer.powell@mail.utoronto.ca 0000-0002-0848-3364
Rio Dante Cloudbridge Nature Reserve Scientific Coordinator
2 km este de escuela San Gerardo de Rivas Peréz Zeledón 11904 CR
research@cloudbridge.org
Data collection. Bird presence was determined from several data sources, including: 1) point count monitoring, 2) walking surveys, 3) owl call-playback surveys, 4) camera trap images, and 5) photographs. Point Count Monitoring. The bulk of the data was collected as part of a long-term monitoring study beginning on 14 March 2016 and continuing to 29 May 2020 with some gaps in data collection due to a lack of field staff, including: June–July 2016, March–June 2017, September–December 2018, and January 2019. From March 2016 to October 2017, point counts were conducted at 24 sites. In October 2017, tropical storm Nate caused severe flooding along the rivers ending reliable access to the 4 northernmost point count sites after that date. After 15 December 2017, five replacement sites were added in the southern part of the reserve and sampling continued until 29 May 2020 only at the 25 point count sites in the southern part of the reserve. Four or 5 sites were surveyed each day starting at 06:00 and finishing between 09:00 and 10:00, with all sites surveyed once a week. Daily site survey order was reversed weekly to help prevent temporal bias. Point counts lasted 20 min, conducted by one or two observers (typically two). Within a 25 m radius of a fixed marker, from the ground to the top of the canopy, all birds utilizing the habitat were identified and recorded. Visual identifications were prioritized due to training difficulties (see training section), but audio identifications were also recorded and the type of identification noted. Audio identifications were only included in this inventory when the species was also confirmed by visual identification. Birds seen soaring in the area or transiting the site were also identified but during periods of high volume were less of a priority to record. A total of 3440 point count surveys were conducted. Walking surveys. Walking surveys were conducted in conjunction with both the point count monitoring study (14 March 2016 to 29 May 2020) and a study on mixed species feeding flocks (MSF) (12 February to 19 June 2019). Walking surveys were conducted along all the trails of the reserve, including those not covered by the point count surveys, and were particularly important for surveying the northern part of the reserve where access was too unreliable for regular sampling after October 2017. During the point count monitoring study, walking surveys were conducted on alternating days for a total of five surveys every two weeks. Walking surveys occurred in between point count sites and continued after point counts had been completed. They started at 06:00 and finished at 12:00. During the MSF study, walking surveys were conducted each weekday along four routes covering most of the reserve beginning at 06:00 and lasting 3–4 h. Species were tallied for specific segments of the trails being walked. A total of 267 walking surveys were conducted for the monitoring study and 80 for the MSF study. Owl call-playback surveys. Owl species were surveyed using call-playback between March 2016 and January 2020 with data collection gaps including: March–April, June–July, and October–December in 2017; January and July in 2018; and May and September–October in 2019. Costa Rican Pygmy Owl (Glaucidium costaricanum), Unspotted Saw-whet Owl (Aegolius ridgwayi), Tropical Screech-Owl (Megascops choliba), Bare-shanked Screech-Owl (Megascops clarkii), and Mottled Owl (Ciccaba virgata) were included in the study based on previous study results (Paradis 2007) and known Costa Rican owl ranges. Striped Owl (Asio clamator) was added in April 2016 after one was observed in the reserve. Owl surveys were conducted at the same 24 locations as the point counts, with the exception of the five sites added in 2017. The four northern sites were dropped in October 2017 due to loss of access, leaving 20 survey sites. A total of 625 surveys were conducted, with all but the first 24 surveyed for all six owl species. Call-playback surveys started at 18:30 and were completed by 00:00. Five sites were surveyed each evening, and each site was only surveyed once a month to prevent habituation to the calls. Surveys began with 3 min of silence, followed by a 2-min playback, repeated until all owl calls had been played in order of smallest owl to largest, finishing with 3 min of silence. Playbacks were composed of a mixture of alarm and song calls downloaded from Xeno-Canto (Xeno-Canto Foundation 2005–2019). Camera trap images. Bird records were supplemented by camera trap images collected in the reserve. Most camera trap data was collected between 13 May 2019 and 21 May 2020 along a grid of 16 locations spaced approximately 300 m apart throughout the reserve, some near the trail system, but most at more remote locations. As data from the camera trap study was not fully processed at the time of writing, it was only used to supplement monthly presence data for some species. Additional camera trap images from recreational cameras were available prior to May 2019, and were sometimes used as voucher photos, but not used for presence data. Photographs. Photographs taken either during or outside of surveys were obtained from staff, interns, researchers, volunteers, and visitors. In addition to serving as records of species presence, these photos were used as voucher photos for the identified species. Location and date were confirmed for each photo, ranging from 23 February 2007 to 25 April 2021. Photographs taken outside of surveys were added as unique records to the species record tables in the supplementary material. For all sampling types except camera trapping, data was collected along the trails of Cloudbridge Nature Reserve. Point count and call-playback survey data was collected at sampling stations marked with a fixed and labelled marker. Walking survey and photographic data was collected anywhere along the trail system. Camera trapping data was collected at 16 locations throughout the part of the reserve south of the Río Chirripó Pacífico. The camera traps were arrayed in a grid approximately 300 m apart. Bird presence was determined from several data sources, including: 1) point count monitoring, 2) walking surveys, 3) owl call-playback surveys, 4) camera trap images, and 5) photographs. Training. All field crew for point count and walking surveys were trained on site for 2–3 weeks and were required to pass a visual bird identification test prior to beginning surveys. Each test consisted of 30 images, each shown for 15–45 seconds, of a different random selection of species that had been identified in or near the reserve or were potentially present in the area (approximately 300 species). Testing was repeated until a passing grade of 28/30 correct identifications was reached. Audio identification was not tested due to the difficulty of training accurate bird song identification skills for 300 species in short-term field crew (typically 2–3 month periods). As such, visual identification was prioritized in order to have a higher degree of confidence in the accuracy of the resulting identifications. Bird species inventory in secondary tropical montane cloud forest at Cloudbridge Nature Reserve, Talamanca Mountains, Costa Rica. Jonathan P. Slifkin author Frank T. Spooner author Jeffrey Roth author Laurie Allnatt author Ryan Andrews author Matt Smokoska author Alex Acott contentProvider Sarah Barnes contentProvider Kasey Bedford contentProvider Roopak Bhatt contentProvider Anna Bowland contentProvider Logan Bradley contentProvider Maliya Cassels contentProvider Jordan Chambers contentProvider Léo Chevillon contentProvider Avery Clotfelter contentProvider Sam Davies contentProvider Áoife O'Donoghue contentProvider Alena Frehner contentProvider Maria Camila Ortiz Giral contentProvider Baley Good contentProvider Dylan Gray contentProvider Gloria Greenstein contentProvider Danny Guy contentProvider Amauta Halvorsen contentProvider Florian Hammer contentProvider Neil Hancart contentProvider Jeb Hartman contentProvider Gabriel Henry contentProvider Olivia Hess contentProvider Laura Hulbert contentProvider Fergus Jackson contentProvider Spencer Kane contentProvider Helen Lancaster contentProvider Eric Livasy contentProvider Beth Lowe contentProvider Alina Martin contentProvider Alice Martin-Walker contentProvider Emilio Masotti-Black contentProvider Michelle McKay contentProvider Emma Noyes contentProvider Riccardo Palladini contentProvider Ignacio Panebianco contentProvider Michał Pawlik contentProvider Brianna Powrie contentProvider Amanada Rajala contentProvider Beth Ramsey contentProvider James Ratcliff contentProvider Marissa Romp contentProvider Dorian Rose contentProvider Éloïse Roy contentProvider Kiana Safford contentProvider Baptiste Saunier contentProvider Marlon Sippel contentProvider Maddy Skinner contentProvider Izzy Soane contentProvider Georgia Smith contentProvider Martin Stankalla contentProvider Matt Steele contentProvider Amy Sutley contentProvider Oliver Taylor contentProvider Mélanie Thierry contentProvider Willem Van Doorninck contentProvider Bert Van Holsbeeck contentProvider Amelia Westhoff contentProvider Elisa Yang contentProvider Thijs Claes contentProvider Steven Daniel contentProvider Alex Greene contentProvider Timo Jäger contentProvider Leah Kahn contentProvider Nathan Marcy contentProvider Christopher Romero contentProvider Marlena Scheller contentProvider Charlotte Smith contentProvider Leonardo Valverde contentProvider Anthony Vitolo contentProvider Clara Moreno Vicente contentProvider Casey Ella McConnell contentProvider Paula Pebsworth contentProvider Cloudbridge Nature Reserve is a TMCF reforestation reserve lying on the Pacific slope of Cerro Chirripó in the cantón of Pérez Zeledón. Here, we synthesize data collected at Cloudbridge between March 2016 and May 2020 from multi-year point count, walking, call-playback, and camera trap surveys along with photographs collected from February 2007 to April 2021 to present a bird species inventory of the reserve. In total, 204 bird species from 40 families, including 40 endemic species, were identified, and monthly presence summarized for each species. Funding was provided by Cloudbridge Nature Reserve and the generous contributions of their donors, visitors, volunteers, and interns. Cloudbridge Nature Reserve is a 255 ha, TMCF reforestation reserve on the Pacific slope of the Talamanca Mountains in Costa Rica. Holdridge Life Zone classifications for the area are primarily Lower Montane Wet Forest, with some areas of Lower Montane Rain Forest. The reserve lies between 1500–2600 m a.s.l., with most biological surveys conducted between 1500–2200 m a.s.l. It is located 2 km from the village of San Gerardo de Rivas, and 18 km northeast of San Isidro del General in the cantón of Pérez Zeledón. The reserve shares its eastern border with the Parque Nacional Chirripó and its northern and part of its western border with a private nature reserve. Its other borders are shared with pastureland or private forest. Two rivers run through the reserve, Río Chirripó Pacífico and Río Urán. There are two main seasons, dry and wet, with the dry season occurring from the later part of December through the early part of April. In the peak dry season (January–March), total rainfall is about 113 mm, while in the wet season (April–December), total rainfall is about 2470 mm and rain occurs almost daily. Throughout the year, the reserve is blanketed in fog for at least part of every day. Temperatures are fairly stable, with year-round average daily temperatures fluctuating only about 3C, from 16–19C. Typical daily temperatures range from 13–27C. The reserve is composed of 227 ha of reforested pasture and farmland, and 28 ha of primary forest (montane oak forest), as well as a small area of inhabited land in the lowest corner of the reserve. The secondary forest areas can be divided into natural regeneration and planted areas. The natural regeneration areas were left to regrow without human intervention and can be further divided into areas of older natural regeneration (29–34 years) and younger natural regeneration (12–18 years). Areas that showed no or minimal natural tree regrowth were planted with native species primarily grown in an onsite nursery from seeds or saplings gathered in the primary and natural regeneration areas. The planted areas vary in age from 10–18 years. In 2018–2019, for trees greater than 10 cm in diameter, older natural regeneration areas had an average tree height of 13.4 m, younger natural regeneration areas an average of 12.8 m, planted areas an average of 11.1 m, and primary areas 14.6 m. The primary forest is largely restricted to the highest elevations in the reserve, with the older natural regeneration in a band below the primary forest and in patches in the west of the reserve. The planted and younger natural regeneration areas exist in a patchwork in the lower elevations and close to the rivers.
2021-12-23T19:42:37.792+00:00 dataset https://ipt.pensoft.net/resource?id=cloudbridge_bird_records_costa_rica/v1.4.xml