carrionbeetleslichtenbeek
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關鍵字
Coleoptera; Pitfalls; Carrion; Netherlands; Occurrence; Specimen
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地理涵蓋範圍
Lichtenbeek estate, Oosterbeek, Prov. Gelderland, the Netherlands
| 界定座標範圍 | 緯度南界 經度西界 [51.997, 5.844], 緯度北界 經度東界 [52.009, 5.856] |
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分類群涵蓋範圍
Species-level identifications for Coleoptera: Leiodidae, Silphidae
| Family | Leiodidae (round fungus beetles), Silphidae (carrion beetles) |
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時間涵蓋範圍
| 起始日期 / 結束日期 | 1982-05-29 / 2022-06-05 |
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計畫資料
From May 29th until June 5th, 1982, the first author placed baited pitfall traps to sample the Silphidae and Leiodidae: Cholevinae (Coleoptera) fauna in a mixed forest in the Netherlands. Exactly 40 years later (May 29th until June 5th, 2022), as a project on insect declines with high school students at a nearby school, a resampling was carried out. We report the silphid and cholevine specimens recorded both in 1982 and 2022. We found that total species richness and biomass had not noticeably changed, but there were some distinct appearances and disappearances of species. Also, the species abundance distribution has become more skewed in favor of locally common species, such as Sciodrepoides watsoni and Fissocatops westi. We discuss our results in the context of insect declines worldwide.
| 計畫名稱 | Resampling a carrion beetle fauna after 40 years (Coleoptera: Silphidae, Cholevinae) |
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| 經費來源 | This work was supported by the Prins Bernhard Cultuurfonds (Gelderland) and the Suzanne Hovinga Stichting |
| 研究區域描述 | The 89 ha Lichtenbeek Estate (52.00°N 05.84°E) is a mixed forest near Arnhem, the Netherlands. It is located partly within the municipality of Arnhem, partly in that of Renkum. On the north, it is bordered by the N224 provincial road, on the west by a smaller road, the Dreijenseweg. On the east and southeast, the forest is adjoined by pasture and arable land and on the south by a residential area in the northern part of the town of Oosterbeek. We also included the western portion of the smaller forest of Vijverberg, located to the north of the N224, which holds the springs that used to feed the brook after which Lichtenbeek was named. The forest is located at c. 50 m elevation on the south-exposed slope of the glacial moraine north of the Rhine, and has a podzol soil of fine to coarse sand. Its vegetation is composed of separated stands, some of which contain primarily deciduous trees (Fagus sylvatica, Quercus sp.), others coniferous trees (e.g., Pseudotsuga menziesii). No major changes have taken place in the layout or tree vegetation of the forest over the past 40 years. Permission to conduct this study was granted by Stichting Geldersch Landschap & Kastelen (through Mr. Bram de Jong). |
| 研究設計描述 | In the week of 29.v. - 5.vi.1982, one of us (M.S.) used 1L cans with a 10 cm diameter opening as pitfall traps. These were dug in so that the top was flush with the soil surface and baited with 100 g each of horse meat (16 traps), mushrooms (2 traps), Dutch old cheese (3 traps), and apple (1 trap); see Fig. 1 for a map of the trap positions. A square of chicken wire was placed over each trap and secured with tent pegs; from the chicken wire, the bait was suspended. As preservative in the traps, 70% ethanol was used. The traps were emptied once, at the end of the sampling week, and were then removed. All collected material of Silphidae and Cholevinae was identified by M.S. to species level, where necessary using genital dissection, and is currently in the collection of Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Leiden, the Netherlands; small numbers of duplicates are retained in the collection of Taxon Foundation, Leiden, the Netherlands. The data were reported on in a different context in Schilthuizen (2022). The local weather during the 1982 sampling week (at weather station Deelen, 8 km NNE of Lichtenbeek; obtained from https://daggegevens.knmi.nl) was very warm (daily mean temperature 20.5°C), very little wind (daily mean wind speed 2.9 m/s), sunny (daily mean sunshine duration 11.4 h), and mostly dry (two days with rain, 0.3 and 1.7 mm, respectively). In the week of 29.v. – 5.vi.2022, using 1982 sketch maps and notes kept by M.S., we replicated the trapping procedure of 1982, with the following exceptions: we used 1L plastic yoghurt tubs with, as preservative, a saturated NaCl solution and a drop of dishwashing detergent; horse meat was replaced by beef. One trap (No. 12) was lost, so we removed the catch from this trap also from the 1982 data set. All collected material of Silphidae was sorted by T.v.d.S. and I.K., identified by T.v.d.S, and checked by M.S. The Cholevinae were sorted by T.v.d.S., I.K., and M.S. and identified by M.S. One badly damaged female Choleva could not be identified to species. All specimens were deposited into the collection of Taxon Foundation, Leiden, the Netherlands, except a small number of Silphidae duplicates (two specimens per species), which are kept in the private collection of T.v.d.S. The local weather (Deelen data) during the 2022 sampling week was cooler than in 1982 (daily mean temperature 13.7°C), there was also very little wind (daily mean wind speed 3.3 m/s), it was less sunny (daily mean sunshine duration 6.3 h), and wetter (four days with rain, 0.9, 2.0, 2.6, and 27.1 mm, respectively). |
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取樣方法
All specimens of all Silphidae and Cholevinae species were counted, tabulated, and compared in PAST 4.11 (Hammer et al. 2001). To estimate biomass, based on Schilthuizen and Vallenduuk (1998) and an assumed specific weight similar to that of water, we used an average volume of Silphidae of 3 x 4 x 12 mm = 144 mg and of Cholevinae of 1.5 x 2 x 4 mm = 12 mg. In 1982 and 2022 we collected 1151 and 1523 individuals, respectively, from a total of 9 Silphidae and 16 Cholevinae species. Not all species were found in both years. In 1982 (21 species found), one silphid (Silpha tristis) and three cholevines (Catops chrysomeloides, Catops kirbyi, and Catops subfuscus) were found that were not found in 2022, and in 2022 (20 species found), two silphids (Silpha obscura and Oiceoptoma thoracicum) and three cholevines (Catops neglectus, Choleva sp., and Ptomaphagus subvillosus) were found that were not found in 1982. Margalef’s species diversity index (Clifford and Stephenson 1975) was 2.696 in 1982 and 2.729 in 2022, and Buzas & Gibson’s evenness (Buzas and Gibson 1969) was 0.444 and 0.213 in 1982 and 2022, respectively. The estimated biomass was 86.412 g and 82.824 g in 1982 and 2022, respectively.
| 研究範圍 | Lichtenbeek Estate, near Oosterbeek, Province of Gelderland, the Netherlands: two one-week sampling periods, exactly 40 years apart (1982 and 2022), using c. 20 baited pitfall traps for Coleoptera: Leiodidae and Silphidae. |
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方法步驟描述:
- n.a
收藏資料
| 蒐藏名稱 | Naturalis Biodiversity Center |
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| 蒐藏名稱 | Taxon Expeditions |
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| 標本保存方法 | Alcohol, Dried |
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