此資源名錄的資料已發佈為達爾文核心集檔案（DwC-A），其以一或多組資料表構成分享生物多樣性資料的標準格式。 核心資料表包含 397 筆紀錄。

亦存在 1 筆延伸集的資料表。延伸集中的紀錄補充核心集中紀錄的額外資訊。 每個延伸集資料表中資料筆數顯示如下。

此 IPT 存放資料以提供資料儲存庫服務。資料與資源的詮釋資料可由「下載」單元下載。「版本」表格列出此資源的其它公開版本，以便利追蹤其隨時間的變更。

下載最新版本的 Darwin Core Archive (DwC-A) 資源，或資源詮釋資料的 EML 或 RTF 文字檔。

以下的表格只顯示可公開存取資源的已發布版本。

研究者應依照以下指示引用此資源。:

Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ (2013). CLIMBER: Climatic niche characteristics of the butterflies in Europe. 397 records, Online at http://ipt.pensoft.net/ipt/resource.do?r=climber, version 1.3 (released on 3/12/2013), Resource ID: GBIF key: http://www.gbif.org/dataset/e2bcea8c-dfea-475e-a4ae-af282b4ea1c5, Data Paper ID: doi: 10.3897/zookeys.367.6185

研究者應尊重以下權利聲明。:

此資料的發布者及權利單位為 ZooKeys。 This database - CLIMBER is made available under the Open Database License: http://opendatacommons.org/licenses/odbl/1.0/. Any rights in individual contents of the database are licensed under the Database Contents License: http://opendatacommons.org/licenses/dbcl/1.0/

此資源已向GBIF註冊，並指定以下之GBIF UUID: e2bcea8c-dfea-475e-a4ae-af282b4ea1c5。  ZooKeys 發佈此資源，並經由Participant Node Managers Committee同意向GBIF註冊成為資料發佈者。

climate change; climate warming; CTI; global change; global warming; modelling; risk; trend; STI; Europe; butterflies; Papilionidae; Pieridae; Lycaenidae; Riodinidae; Hesperiidae; Checklist

Europe, excluding Belarus, Ukraine, Moldova, Russia, Cyprus, Iceland, and the Atlantic islands (Azores, Madeira and Canary Islands). No climatic data were available from some small islands such as the Pontine Islands (Italy) and Nissiros (Greece).

European butterfly species

A. Butterfly distribution data Climatic niche characteristics of the butterflies in Europe are based on their European distribution. Butterfly distributions were available from about 7000 georeferenced localities and about 200,000 database records. These records were stored in a data base and constituted also the basis for ‘The Distribution Atlas of European Butterflies’ (Kudrna 2002) and, as an updated version, for the ‘Distribution Atlas of Butterflies in Europe’ (Kudrna et al. 2011). To avoid problems of occasional undersampling and imprecise geo-reference of some locations at the local scale, we re-sampled the localities to 1720 CGRS grid cells (ca. 50 km × 50 km). B. Climate data We used monthly, interpolated climate data (public available at http://www.alarmproject.net/climate/climate), originally provided via the ALARM project (Settele et al. 2012; Settele et al. 2005; Spangenberg et al. 2012) at a 10 arcmin grid resolution (Mitchell et al. 2004; New et al. 2000) and aggregated them to the CGRS grid (Fig. 5). For a detailed description of the climate data see Fronzek et al. (2012). The following basic climatic variables were used to assess aspects of the climatic niche: mean annual temperature (°C), range of annual temperature (°C), annual precipitation sum (mm), range of annual precipitation (mm), accumulated growing degree days with a base temperature of 5°C until February, April, June and August and soil water content for the upper horizon (0.5 m). Different time periods for calculating accumulated growing degree days enable the consideration of different phenologies and phenological aspects in the analysis of the climatic species characteristics. We do not provide growing degree days for periods ending later than August because these values are highly correlated with mean annual temperature in any case. Soil water content originated from the dynamic vegetation model LPJ-GUESS (Hickler et al. 2009; Hickler et al. 2004) which provides a process-based representation of the water balance in terrestrial ecosystems. According to the time period of the butterfly distribution data, we used averaged values for the period 1971-2000 for the climate data. C. Calculation of the climatic niche characteristics Climatic niche characteristics were calculated per butterfly species according to the climatic conditions across their respective ranges, i.e. across all grid cells in which a particular species occurs (see Devictor et al. 2012a; Schweiger et al. 2012; Van Swaay et al. 2010; Van Swaay et al. 2008; Fig. 5). The dataset comprises information for the position and breadth of the climatic niche. Niche position is indicated by the median and mean value for each climate variable across a species’ range, accompanied by the 95% confidence interval for the mean. Niche breadth is indicated by the standard deviation and the minimum and maximum values for each climatic variable across a species’ range.

方法步驟描述:

1. Butterfly distribution data are based on a data base which combines information from local recorders and private, regional and national data bases. Thereof, species distributional maps have been developed. Together with maps of original and derived climate variables, based on interpolated data from local weather stations, species distribution-climate relationships have been assessed in a GIS. Based on these relationships several statistics describing the climatic characteristics of 397 European butterfly species have been developed and stored in CLIMBER.