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Camellia; China; limestone flora; taxonomy; Theaceae

Debao County, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, CHINA.

Camellia debaoensis R.C. Hu & Y.Q. Liufu sp. nov. is described and illustrated as a new species from southwestern Guangxi, China. It is morphologically similar to Camellia pubipetala Y. Wan et S. Z. Huang, C. mingii S.X. Yang and C. tuyenquangensis D.V. Luong, N.N.H. Le & N. Tran, but it differs from these species in having glabrous young branches, glabrous petiole, glabrous sepals, glabrous petals, glabrous stamens and glabrous ovary, 10 petals, cylindrical ovary and style 3-lobed to 1/6 style length.

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Shrubs, 1–3 m tall. Young branches cylindrical, thick, glabrous, yellowish brown or grayish brown, and current year branchlets purplish red. Leaf blade leathery, ovate to long ovate, 6–13 × 3–5 cm, adaxial surface dark green and glabrous, abaxial surface pale green, brown glandular punctuate and veins sparsely spreading villous, veins abaxially elevated and adaxially impressed, secondary veins 5–6 on each side of midvein and connected at the proximal edge, base cuneate to broadly cuneate, apex caudate tip, margin serrulate; petiole 5–12 mm long, glabrous. Flowers subterminal axillary, solitary, 3–4.5 cm diam. Pedicel ca. 4(–6) mm long, thick; bracteoles 4 (or 5), unequal, 1–3 × 2–4 mm, appressed and covering pedicel, oval-triangle, leathery, green and glabrous, margin ciliolate. Sepals 5 (–6), semiorbicular to broadly ovate, 3–5 × 5–8 mm, leathery, glabrous, lightly yellow and occasionally with pink patches, fruiting stage green, margin ciliolate. Petals 10, in three whorls of 3–4 petals, golden yellow, glabrous; outer 3 or 4 petals suborbicular, occasionally with pink patches, 0.7–1.1 × 1 cm; inner orbicular-ovate or oval, 1.2–1.8 × 1.2–2.6 cm, basally connate for 1–3 mm. Stamens numerous, glabrous, ca. 2 cm long; anthers ca. 3 × 1mm; outer filaments connate ca. basal 1/4, ca. 1.6 cm, inner filaments nearly distinct, ca. 1.7 cm. Ovary cylindrical, ca. 2 mm in diam., glabrous, 3-loculed; style 2 cm long, glabrous, base connate, apex 3-lobed to 1/6 style length. Capsule triangle oblate, glabrous, 1.4–1.6 × 1.6–2.8 cm; Seeds brown, hemispherical, pubescent.

Method step description:

1. Several specimens were collected at the entrance of one of the karst caves of Debao County, Jingde Town, Tuoliang village from 2015 to 2018, and were deposited in the herbaria GXMI, IBK, NHMG, KUN. The morpho-photographs of the plants were taken with a Panasonic LX100 camera. This material was confirmed as a new species based on detailed comparison with all other heretofore known yellow camellias, including specimens deposited at PE, KUN, IBSC, IBK, GXMI, HIB, SYS, GXMG, and description from botanical websites (e.g. http://www.cvh.ac.cn/, https://plants.jstor.org/). Herbarium acronyms follow Thiers (2018). The morphological characters were measured using M & G ARL96004.