thaumetopoea_pityocampa_group
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關鍵字
Occurrence Thaumetopoea pityocampa wilkinsoni hellenica mediterranea; Specimen
聯絡資訊
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地理涵蓋範圍
Circum Mediterranean area + Atlantic coast + central Europe + eastern Europe
| 界定座標範圍 | 緯度南界 經度西界 [28.304, -21.094], 緯度北界 經度東界 [53.331, 42.188] |
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分類群涵蓋範圍
Review of the species within the Thaumetopoea pityocampa group
| Species | Thaumetopoea pityocampa (pine processionary moth) |
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時間涵蓋範圍
| 起始日期 / 結束日期 | 1882-01-01 / 2023-09-15 |
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計畫資料
The pine processionary moth, Thaumetopoea pityocampa (Denis and Schiffermüller), is an iconic insect in the Mediterranean culture because of its economic and medical importance and the unique traits of the life history, namely the winter feeding and the construction of conspicuous silk tents by the larvae. Its taxonomic status, however, is unclear because the type material is not available and there is confusion among the several species and subspecies described in the last centuries. In the present study, a metadata analysis of morphological and molecular data of the species in the T. pityocampa complex were considered for species delimitation, using more than 400 individuals from more than 120 geographic locations. A reconstruction of the origin of the material used for the first formal description has allowed to identify the type locality and to design a neotype. In addition, as Denis and Schiffermüller were referring to the work of Réaumur for details about the species, the description provided by Réaumur was reviewed. The results indicate that the barcode region of mitochondrial DNA is a reliable trait to separate species in most cases whereas morphological traits are not. Hybridization among taxa makes it difficult to delimit species in contact zones when mating barriers are not present. In other cases, such as the populations of Crete Island, the lack of gene flow with the mainland population may support species delimitation even when morphological traits are not conclusive. Thus, the new species Thaumetopoea cretensis is described here based on the evidence obtained from a previous study. Species delimitation based on both mitochondrial and nuclear markers allowed maintenance of three species of the complex (T. cretensis, T. pityocampa, and T. wilkinsoni) while more data are needed to determine the status of two recently described species: T. hellenica and T. mediterranea.
| 計畫名稱 | List of the specimens used for the morphological analysis in the paper: The pine processionary moth Thaumetopoea pityocampa (Notodontidae) species complex: a phylogeny-based revision |
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| 經費來源 | European Union’s Horizon 2020 Program for Research and Innovation under grant agreement no. 771271 ‘HOMED’ and the Bolzano/Bozen province for the grant 92/2021. |
| 研究區域描述 | Mediterranean Europa |
| 研究設計描述 | For male and female specimens, 44 and 31 traits, respectively, showed polymorphism and were used to explore morphological differentiation. The moth samples used in the study were collected with different methods (e.g., rearing from larvae, light/pheromone trapping) following all applicable international and local permitting requirements. There was some variation in the specimen quality and suitability for a comparative analysis of several traits. For this reason, only individuals in a reasonably good preservation condition were used. Geographic coordinates and name of the collection site were recorded for each specimen, to which a unique alphanumeric code was assigned indicating country, locality, and number of specimens. |
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取樣方法
Four species are considered as valid (in chronological order of their description, T. pityocampa, T. wilkinsoni, T. hellenica, and T. mediterranea), one as a subspecies (T. pityocampa orana), and 15 are synonyms of T. pityocampa. Types of all species, subspecies and synonyms were examined, either from museum collections or from publications, spanning over 120 locations in Europe and the Mediterranean Basin. Whenever possible, populations close to the type locality of taxa were used for both morphological and molecular analyses.
| 研究範圍 | Reconsider all available morphological and molecular traits of the species in the T. pityocampa complex, including populations for which both types of data are available, even if they are not from the same individuals. The original material on which T. pityocampa was described is not available and a thorough analysis of the old literature has allowed us to clearly identify the type locality of the species and to propose a neotype for the nominal taxon. The expectation is to delimit the species in the group and to provide traits for their identification. |
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方法步驟描述:
- For male and female specimens, 44 and 31 traits, respectively, showed polymorphism and were used to explore morphological differentiation. The moth samples used in the study were collected with different methods (e.g., rearing from larvae, light/pheromone trapping) following all applicable international and local permitting requirements. There was some variation in the specimen quality and suitability for a comparative analysis of several traits. For this reason, only individuals in a reasonably good preservation condition were used. Male genitalia preparation and female scale extraction from anal tuft followed the method described in Basso et al. (2017a). Geographic coordinates and name of the collection site were recorded for each specimen, to which a unique alphanumeric code was assigned indicating country, locality, and number of specimens.